Optimum Wireless Powering of Sensors Embedded in Concrete

The optimization of wireless powering of sensors embedded in concrete is studied here. Our analytical results focus on calculating the transmission loss and propagation loss of RF waves penetrating into concrete at different humidity conditions. Specifically, this analysis leads to the identification of an optimum frequency range within 20-80 MHz that is validated through antenna coupling full-wave EM simulations. Also, an optimized rectenna is designed in order to calculate the battery charging time. Finally, the effects of reinforced bars to RF power transfer are analyzed.