A cross-layer collision-aware routing protocol in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, retransmission caused by collision induces the increase in delay and energy consumption. Therefore, this paper presents a collision-aware routing protocol based on cross-layer in wireless sensor networks(CARP), CARP no longer uses the traditional hop-count as routing metric, but introduces collision degree and energy level as the basis of routing and route adjustment. CARP uses the cross-layer design to realize the network protocol information sharing and calculate the collision degree. When establishes the route, CARP can avoid the high collision degree areas. CARP uses the residual energy and initial energy to calculate the energy level. So CARP will choose the more residual energy nodes as the relay nodes. Thus it equalizes network energy consumption and prolongs network lifetime. The simulation results show that CARP has a better performance in the packet loss, the average delay and energy efficiency than AODV.