A simple on-line arterial time-activity curve detector for ~O-15\ water PET studies

A simple, automated on-line detector system has been fabricated and implemented to detect the arterial time-activity curve (TAG) for bolus-injection ~O-15\ water PET studies. This system offers two significant improvements over existing systems: a pump mechanism is not required to control arterial blood flow through the detector and dispersion correction of the time-activity curve for dispersion in external tubing is unnecessary. The ~O-15\ positrons emanating from blood within a thin-walled, 0.134 cm inner-diameter plastic tube are detected by a 0.5 cm wide by 1.0 cm long by 0.1 cm thick plastic scintillator mounted to a miniature PMT. Photon background is reduced to insignificant levels by a 2.0 cm thick cylindrical lead shield. Mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF) determined from an autoradiographic model and from the TAC measured by 1-second automated sampling was compared to that calculated from a TAC acquired using 5-second integrated manual samples. Improvements in timing resolution (1-sec vs. 5-sec) cause small but significant differences between the two sampling methods. Dispersion is minimized due to small tubing diameters, short lengths of tubing between the radial arterial sampling site and the detector and the presence of a 3-way valve 10 cm proximal to the detector.