4D-GIS (4 dimensional GIS) as spatial-temporal data mining platform and its application to managementand monitoring of large-scale infrastructures

A 4-dimensional geographic information system (4D-GIS) for use as a spatial-temporal data mining platform is introduced. The 4D-GIS effectively integrates, manages, and analyzes spatial-temporal data, defined as 4D data (2D, 3D, and time change data). In this paper, techniques for integrating and analyzing spatial-temporal data are provided in detail. First, the structures of 4D data and the essence of data integration are explained. A change difference management method for historical data and the homotopical representation of complicated 3D configurations are proposed. Second, the generative aspects of 4D data integration and the real-time monitoring of an integrated database are explained. The effectiveness of the system was verified by applying it to the large-scale infrastructure management of an elevated railway bridge and a sewer optical communication line.