The Baum-Welch algorithm for the detection of time-unsynchronized rectangular PAM signals

The theory of hidden-Markov models is used to formulate an iterative method for the joint estimation of timing phase offset and the detection of symbols carried by a time-unsynchronized PAM signal block. Timing phase offset estimation is based on the maximum likelihood criterion. Posterior probabilities of symbols are calculated and used to perform symbol-by-symbol decisions minimizing the symbol error probability.<
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