Dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna with modified Koch fractal geometry based on genetic algorithm

In this paper a simple dual-frequency microstrip antenna based on the second iteration of modified Koch fractal configuration is presented. Complex structure of fractal shape is build up through replication of a base shape. The purpose of this research is to explore new modified fractal element antenna through simulation and optimization procedure. In the absence of any available closed-form formulae, this scheme uses an evolutionary method based on real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) in conjunction with electromagnetic simulation. Parametric definition of conventional Koch shape evolves new geometries of antenna structure which suggest wide space design. Genetic algorithm efficiently searches the possible combinations of parameters and finds the best structure for the antenna's operation at 5.8GHz and 2.4GHz.