Particle swarm optimization to solving economic load dispatch with spinning reserve

A revised strategy particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the economic dispatch problems in power systems. Many constraints such as ramp rate limits and prohibited zones are taken into account, and the loss is also calculated. On the basis of strategy particle swarm optimization algorithm, a new revised strategy is provided to handle the constraints and make sure the particles to satisfy the constraints. The strategy can guarantee the particles to search in or around the feasible solutions area combined with penalty functions. The various load demand and various reserve demand by payment for reserve allocated is also discussed in this paper.