Simulation of non-linear and switching elements for transient analysis based on wave digital filters

A previous paper introduced the use of wave digital filters as a basic building block for power system simulation, particularly suitable for real-time applications. This paper stresses the simulation of nonlinear and switching elements, emphasizing the advantages of the wave filters implementation. The digital structure is maintained even when nonlinear components change their characteristics or power electronic devices switch their states. As a very important by-product, the suppression of numerical oscillations related to the trapezoidal rule is achieved in a rather simple way, with no effects on simulation results.