Functional structure of IBM virtual storage operating systems, Part I: Influences of dynamic address translation on operating system technology

The operating system started as a means for controlling the sequential use of a computer more efficiently than a machine operator could do himself. As computers have grown larger, faster, and more able to support independent concurrent operations, operating systems have grown to provide for the simultaneous shared use of such systems. Thus multiprogramming, originally developed to make still more efficient use of the hardware, has become essential in its own right with the development of interactive computing.