Large absolute photonic band gaps design in two-dimensional photonic crystals using a genetic algorithm

Large absolute photonic band gaps (PBGs) are searched among several two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) using a genetic algorithm (GA). As numerical examples, we present three optimum PCs, the unit cell of which comprises five round rods, square rods, and hexagon rods, respectively. The maximum absolute bandwidth reaches 0.1648(2πc/a).