Space Mapping Design Framework Exploiting Tuning Elements

Inspired by the ideas of ¿simulator-based¿ tuning, implicit space mapping, and surrogate optimization, we propose an implementable microwave design framework. In this framework, we alter an electromagnetic (EM) model by embedding suitable tuning elements. The resulting tuning model is aligned with the original unaltered EM model. We then designate the aligned tuning model as surrogate for design optimization purposes. We illustrate our tuning space mapping framework using a simple microstrip line example. Several microwave examples, including a low-temperature co-fired ceramic filter demonstrate the framework's implementation and robustness.