Design of a wide band microstrip patch for use in a phased array antenna for mobile satellite communications

To encompass transmit and receive bands for a microstrip phased array antenna, a wide band element is required which eliminates the necessity for any external circuitry that occupy space and can emit unwanted radiation. The other important criteria are good axial ratio at low elevation angles above horizon, good gain which account for the presence of low losses in the patch and hence high efficiency. A microstrip patch has been developed to meet these requirements and is to be used in a phased array for mobile satellite applications in vehicular communications.