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We report the spontaneous formation of multilayer structures with nanometric periodicity during Ti–C thin-film growth by reactive magnetron sputtering. Their characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. We discuss film structure and morphology as a function of metal content, and propose surface-directed spinodal decomposition as the mechanism responsible for the segregation of species in separated layers by up-hill diffusion.
Published in:
Applied Physics Letters
(Volume:87
,
Issue:
21
)
Date of Publication: Nov 2005