In Situ Emission Microscopy of Scandium/Scandium-Oxide and Barium/Barium-Oxide Thin Films on Tungsten

The effect of a thin Sc/Sc-oxide base layer on Ba/Ba-oxide electron emission, surface diffusion, adsorption, and desorption on W is studied using photoelectron emission microscopy and thermionic emission microscopy. A barium-on-scandium structure enhances both photo- and thermionic electron emission.