Design of Millimeter-Wave CMOS Radios: A Tutorial

This paper deals with the challenges in the design of millimeter-wave CMOS radios and describes circuit and architecture techniques that lead to compact, low-power transceivers. Candidate topologies for building blocks such as low-noise amplifiers, mixers, oscillators, and frequency dividers are presented. Also, a number of radio architectures that relax the generation, division, and distribution of the local oscillator signal are reviewed. Last, integration issues for transmit and receive paths and for multiple beamforming transceivers are addressed.