Least-squares estimation in phasor-based synchronized frequency measurements

This paper investigates the applications of leasts-quares (LS) estimation in phasor-based synchronized frequency measurements. First, LS estimation is developed for synchronized frequency measurements with DFT error-free phasors. Second, LS estimation for legacy synchronized frequency measurements is reviewed. Third, the LS estimation for synchronized frequency measurements proposed in [9], which has a better dynamic performance, is developed. The performance of the discussed methods is illustrated with computer simulations and phasor measurement unit (PMU) testing.