A New Fully Automated Measurement Chain for Electronic Voltage Standards at 1.018 V

The authors describe a new automated measurement system for the direct calibration of the 1.018-V outputs of Zener-based electronic voltage standards with a programmable Josephson array. It features a programmable bias supply and a multiplexer that introduces negligibly small thermal EMFs in the critical circuits. Detailed descriptions of the two devices are given in this paper. A validation program is in progress in parallel with the previous chain, as no instruments are shared between the two