Generation of tunable femtosecond pulses in the 1.21-1.27 μm and 605-635 nm wavelength region by using a regeneratively initiated self-mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser

A detailed description of the design and operational characteristics of a regeneratively initiated, self-mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser pumped by a continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser is given. Without compensating for the intracavity positive group velocity dispersion, regenerative acoustooptic modulation produced pulses of between 41 and 6.5 ps (FWHM) at 1.23 μm with average output powers of between 280 and 380 mW, respectively. Using intracavity negative group-velocity-dispersion compensation, nearly transform-limited femtosecond pulses of 48 fs (FWHM) duration were generated with average TEM₀₀ output powers of 380 mW at 1.23 μm. By tuning the output of the mode-locked laser from 1.211 to 1.264 μm, the dispersion (second and third order) of the Cr:forsterite gain medium has been measured. The operational wavelength range of the laser was extended to the visible region from 605 to 635 nm by external frequency doubling in a LiIO₃ nonlinear crystal. With approximately 250 mW of fundamental pump power at 1.23 μm, red pulses of 116 fs (FWHM) duration at 615 nm were obtained with conversion efficiencies approaching 10 percent