Classification of multispectral image data by the binary diamond neural network and by nonparametric, pixel-by-pixel methods

The study deals with the application of nonparametric pixel-by-pixel classification methods in the classification of pixels, based on their multispectral data. A neural network, the binary diamond, is introduced, and its performance is compared with a nearest neighbor algorithm and a back-propagation network. The binary diamond is a multilayer, feedforward neural network, which learns from examples in unsupervised one-shot mode. It recruits its neurons according to the actual training set, as it learns. The comparisons of the algorithms were done using a realistic database, consisting of approximately 90000 Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper pixels. The binary diamond and the nearest neighbor performances were close, with some advantages to the binary diamond. The performance of the back-propagation network lagged behind. An efficient nearest neighbor algorithm, the binned nearest neighbor, is described. Ways for improving the performances, such as merging categories and analyzing nonboundary pixels, are addressed and evaluated