An energy-efficient hierarchical multiple-choice routing path protocol for wireless sensor networks

The energy efficiency is a substantial key design issues in such networks. An efficient routing protocol is critical to prolong the life of sensor nodes. This work presents a hierarchical multiple-choice routing path protocol (HMRP) for wireless sensor networks. According to HMRP, the wireless sensor network is initially constructed as a layered network. Based on the layered network, sensor nodes have multipath routes to the sink node through candidate parent nodes. The simulation results indicate that the proposed HMRP can increase the lifetime of sensor networks better than other clustering or tree-based protocols.