Characterization of the path loss near flat and layered biological tissue for narrowband wireless body area networks

This paper discusses the path loss between two half-wavelength dipoles near flat, biological tissue at 2.4 GHz. Both homogeneous and layered media are investigated. The influence of the antenna height and the thickness of the layers are characterized and identified as important factors for the determination of the path loss. Measurements and simulations are performed to validate the results