Multihop localization with density and path length awareness in non-uniform wireless sensor networks

Localization of wireless micro-sensors which are non-uniformly scattered over a region is a challenging problem. Solutions relying on simple inter-node ranging and then summing up ranges between a node and reference nodes do not necessarily provide reliable position estimation. Besides, in multihop localization, error in distance estimation tends to accumulate with the increase of path length. This is because by increasing hop-counts, the disparity between the actual progressed distance and estimated progressed distance is accumulated. In view of this, a novel multi-hop localization scheme that incorporates density and path-length awareness is proposed for non-uniformly distributed wireless sensor networks. Also, we seek to reduce errors in position estimation introduced by long propagation path.