Load modelling for steady-state and transient analysis of low-voltage dc systems

this paper, modelling of loads for dc system studies is treated. Results from measurements on eight different loads supplied with dc are presented and used to develop simple load models, which can be used for transient and steady-state analysis of low voltage (LV) dc systems. These load models can be used together with existing standards for calculations of load flow/voltage drop and short circuit currents in LV dc systems.