A portable CPU-management framework for Java

The Java resource accounting framework, second edition (J-RAF2), is a portable CPU-management framework for Java environments. It is based on fully automated program-transformation techniques applied at the bytecode level and can be used with every standard Java virtual machine. J-RAF2 modifies applications, libraries, and the Java development kit itself to expose details regarding thread execution. This article focuses on the extensible runtime APIs, which are designed to let developers tailor management policies to their needs.