Measurement of sound-speed gradients in deep-ocean sediments usingl_{1}deconvolution techniques

A method is described for measuring the sound speed and the sound-speed gradient of surficial sea floor sediment from bottom-reflected signals recorded in marine seismic experiments. The technique makes use of the ocean-bottom impulse responses that are deconvolved from the data by means of a novel curve-fitting algorithm based on the
l_{1}
norm (least absolute value) criterion. The algorithm constructs the impulse response by extracting spikes one at a time in a manner that causes the
l_{1}
error to decrease by the maximum amount possible as each spike is chosen. The
l_{1}
curve-fitting approach is a completely general strategy for deconvolution, and our algorithm can be used with data obtained from any type of marine seismic source. Since our experiments have been carried out with small explosive charges, we have also developed a method for estimating the bubble-pulse wavelet directly from the recorded bottom-reflected signal. In this paper, the
l_{1}
algorithm is used to deconvolve impulse responses for data obtained in an experiment in the Alaskan Abyssal Plain. The sediment-sound-speed gradient determined from these results is typical of other values reported for turbidite abyssal plains where the surficial sediments are composed of unconsolidated silty deposits.