Exact Calculation of the Uncertainty on the Input Reflection Coefficient of Arbitrary Two Ports Due to Mismatches and Arbitrary Reference Planes

A specific problem of worst case analysis of microwave networks is dealt with. Exact formulas are derived for the upper and lower limits of the amplitude of the input reflection coefficient of an arbitrary two port, in the presence of mismatched source and load and/or arbitrary reference planes. The derivation is based on certain properties of the bilinear transformation.