Wave propagation in thin-film optical waveguides using gyrotropic and anisotropic materials as substrates

Wave propagation in optical waveguides on substrates of magnetic, optically active, or birefringent material is analyzed. The conditions for TE
\Leftrightarrow
TM mode conversion are derived and computer calculations showing the characteristic of a quartz-substrate mode converter is obtained. A mathematical analysis of a gyrator using two mode converters in series is given and the schemes for an isolator, modulator, optical switch, and optical read-out devices are mentioned.