The fluxgate mechanism, part I: The gating curves of parallel and orthogonal fluxgates

A review of various types of fluxgate sensors is given and they are divided into two major groups, parallel-and orthogonal-gated fluxgates. A theory for parallel and for orthogonal gating is presented and the gating characteristics for the two cases are calculated from measured
B-H
curves. The theory is verified by a close fit to the experimentally derived curves and finally a general expression for the output voltage from the two types of fluxgates is presented.