Let's measure volcanic phenomena

Monitoring activity in the proximity of an active volcano is a critical task performed daily by experts. Due to the high sensitivity of the instruments and the harsh operating conditions, several influencing parameters affect the measurement process and force the use of either a compensation method or data post-processing. When performing microgravity measurements in volcanic areas, it has been affirmed that temperature and pressure fluctuations seriously affect the output of continuously running spring gravity meters. Complex measurement systems are required to achieve accurate results. Scientists are also interested in measuring geophysical parameters to understand the natural phenomena in both seismic and volcanic areas that cause eruptions and earthquakes. Due to the effect of external factors on the measurements, the acquired data is characterized by significant uncertainties, which must be evaluated to make the investigations coherent. Synergy between geophysical phenomena, measurement methodology, and complex techniques for data processing is required to deal with such complex tasks.