Interconnect protection of dispersed generators

Much of the new generation capacity installed during the 21st century will be accomplished through the construction of IPP (independent power producer) facilities. These facilities can take the form of small dispersed generating units, or large capacity plants owned and even operated by non-utility personnel. This paper discusses the protection requirements to interconnect these generators to utility systems, as well as methods to reconnect these generators after interconnect protection tripping. The paper also discusses the limitations of present-day interconnection protection methods in addressing issues such as system generation support during major utility system disturbances.