Overhead Line Parameters From Handbook Formulas And Computer Programs

Overhead line parameters can be calculated from handbook formulas, or with more general computer-oriented methods. At power frequency, the differences between the two approaches are usually negligible, but they can become large at higher frequencies. This paper discusses the causes of these differences for the engineer who wants to compare results from computer programs with those obtained from handbook formulas. It contains no new theories, but simply summarizes the experience gained in analyzing such differences over many years.