Optimum threshold-voltage tuning for low-power, high-performance microprocessor

Several technologies using threshold-voltage (V/sub TH/) tuning are introduced for performance control of a microprocessor. Body-bias and supply-voltage control enable V/sub TH/ tuning. The design methodology of the tuning system is analytically discussed. Forward body biasing and V/sub TH/ balancing improves the CMOS circuit performance. Some tuning systems, such as a static body-bias control, an adaptive body-bias control, a supply-voltage/body-bias dual control, are introduced. The V/sub TH/ tuning enables a microprocessor to operate in the optimum manner.