Photonic nanofences for integrated sub-wavelength structures-based sensing applications

Photonic nanofences (PNFs) are introduced here as advanced high-sensitivity chemical sensors. They are based on sub-wavelength high aspect ratio structures and allow creating evanescent field (EF) higher than 70%, while keeping the light confined in a defined region. Thus unprecedented light-analyte interaction can be achieved. We demonstrate the waveguiding capabilities of these structures by presenting bent PNFs, proving their efficient light coupling and guiding. Finally, PNFs are implemented as absorbance sensor for lead (Pb
²⁺
) detection in water environment.