Minimization of a rectangular patch using genetic algorithms

In recent years, the miniaturization of antennas have become more and more important, especially in connection with subscriber transceivers for cellular systems. Due to the multiple scattering environments and the almost indefinable operating scenario, the crosspolarization characteristics of the antenna are less important, however its physical size is critical. The attempts to reduce the physical size of the antenna made in the past, used classical methods, such as embedding the antenna in a dielectric medium of a high permittivity, adding a resistive element in series with the antenna, etc., but little effort was invested in simply generating other geometries, which by their intrinsic properties, radiate at a lower frequency than the classical well-known antennas which occupy the same physical volume. This work proposes a new method for the design of microstrip patch antennas with a low resonance frequency, or conversely, an antenna, which makes 'a more efficient use' of its physical volume.