Model-based loss minimization for DC and AC vector-controlled motors including core saturation

This paper presents a generalized d-q loss model applicable to permanent-magnet synchronous motors, synchronous reluctance motors, induction motors and DC motors. This model is used as the basis of a loss-minimization expression of easy implementation. Core saturation is taken into account. The paper reviews model-based loss-minimization schemes previously presented in the literature for specific types of motors. It shows how all these loss models can be derived from the general one proposed here. The results using the loss-minimization expression in specific motors are compared to those previously reported in the literature. Finally, experimental results for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor are presented to validate the applicability of the proposed expression.