Precision resistors: a review of material characteristics, resistor design, and construction practices

An understanding of the properties of resistance materials and of the effects on resistor characteristics of construction practice is necessary to assure optimum application. Reviewed are some of the characteristics of moderate-precision film resistors, the nature of the principal high performance resistance alloys and the design and construction of high-precision resistors. The effects of resistor termination and terminals are also reviewed with emphasis on the requirements necessary to produce four-terminal and series-parallel connections.