A $Q$ -Band Free-Space Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Composites

We present a free-space measurement technique for nondestructive noncontact electrical and dielectric characterization of nanocarbon composites in the Q-band frequency range of 30-50 GHz. The experimental system and error correction model accurately reconstruct the conductivity of composite materials that are either thicker than the wave penetration depth, and therefore exhibit negligible microwave transmission (less than -40 dB), or thinner than the wave penetration depth and, therefore, exhibit significant microwave transmission. This error correction model implements a fixed wave propagation distance between antennas and corrects the complex scattering parameters of the specimen from two references, an air slab having geometrical propagation length equal to that of the specimen under test, and a metallic conductor, such as an aluminum plate. Experimental results were validated by reconstructing the relative dielectric permittivity of known dielectric materials and then used to determine the conductivity of nanocarbon composite laminates. This error correction model can simplify routine characterization of thin conducting laminates to just one measurement of scattering parameters, making the method attractive for research, development, and for quality control in the manufacturing environment.