Couplings in Phase Domain Impedance Modeling of Grid-Connected Converters

The output impedance of a power converter plays an important role in the stability assessment of the converter. The impedance can be expressed in different frames such as the stationary frame (phase domain) or in the synchronous frame (
dq
domain). To treat the three-phase system like a single-phase system, the system can be divided into positive and negative sequences in the phase domain. This paper demonstrates that there exist couplings between the positive and negative sequences, even in a balanced system due to the PLL, which is important for synchronization. Further it will be shown that even though these couplings are very small in magnitude, they are important in the stability of the converter.