Time-shifted request scheduling for supply-demand-storage balancing under prediction uncertainty of photovoltaics

Towards smart energy management, large-scale penetration of storage batteries is expected in recent power systems. To prevent reverse power flow from photovoltaic (PV) power generators to the power grid, it is desirable to introduce the storage batteries into the houses of consumers having the PV power generators. However, the battery charging power on the consumer side cannot be controlled directly from suppliers. Thus, to maintain balancing among demand, supply power, and battery charging power, a load dispatching center needs to provide a kind of power consumption requests to individual consumers. Against this background, in this paper, we propose a method to determine an optimal sets of requests that minimizes the degradation of economic efficiency with respect to power generation, which is defined as discrepancy between the schedule of power generation and the total amount of utility power consumption requested to consumers. In this method, separating the consumers into several groups, we consider providing a set of time-shifted utility energy consumption requests, whose temporal resolution is coarsened to ensure flexibility for consumers. A discrete Fourier analysis shows a trade-off relation between the economical efficiency of power generation and the provision of flexibility to consumers.