Magnetotunneling Junction Logic and Memory: Low-energy logic paradigms for the next decade and beyond

The rapid increase in demand for computational and signal processing prowess calls for radical and revolutionary advances in reliable, energy-efficient, and dense computing architectures. The traditional complementary metal?oxide semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect-transistor-based processors are hardly up to the task because of the excessive energy dissipation that they are burdened with and the fact that CMOS is volatile and thereby inherently incapable of storing data indefinitely.