Design and characterization of 4×4-phased-array patch antennas at 77 GHz and 94 GHz

We have designed 4x4-phased-array patch antennas at 77 and 94 GHz using simulations based on the finite integration technique in the time-domain. The antennas are designed for communications and for the development of antenna measuring techniques. They have been fabricated and characterized with regard to input impedance and antenna diagrams.