\uFFFDDead\uFFFD Circuits Are Not Always Dead: The Need for Additional Protective Measures

Some work activities in electrical installations are sensitive to unexpected sources, especially when working on conductors to be broken or joined, or on overhead lines. Generally, there is uncertainty concerning the existence, risk, or seriousness of the exposure to these sources, and decisions on protective measures are frequently made under pressure in the field by the person performing the work. In this article, it is argued that methods for detecting unexpected energy sources, as well as guidelines for addressing these situations, should be developed and incorporated into existing safety procedures. Also included are potential approaches to system design that may reduce exposure to outside power sources.