Interference-Avoidance Techniques: Improving Ubiquitous User Experience

This article presents interference- avoidance schemes developed in the Advanced Radio Interface Technologies for [Fourth Generation (4G)] Systems (ARTIST4G) Project for three scenarios targeting the deployment of Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), long-term evolution (LTE)-advanced networks, and beyond. In the first scenario, we propose three-dimensional (3-D) beamforming as a flexible technology for taking the best benefit from the internode cooperation, constrained by the core network infrastructure. The second scenario addresses a long-term deployment with nonconstrained internodes cooperation link based on an interference-shaping strategy that allows for exploiting at its maximum the coordinated multipoint concept. Finally, we investigate interference coordination mechanisms for protecting the macro network from a massive deployment of small cells that provides a network capacity increase by high offloading capabilities.