Development of an automatic Vickers hardness testing system using image processing technology

The mechanical characteristics of machines or machine parts depend on the properties of the materials from which they are made. Hardness is an especially important index for machine design. The Vickers hardness number of a test material is defined by the surface area of the indentation made in the surface of a test specimen by a diamond pyramid indenter. Diagonal lines that indicate the indentation size are usually several micrometers to several hundred micrometers long, depending on the hardness of the material. Conventional automatic Vickers hardness testing systems have been applied only to specular-polished specimens. A new fully automatic Vickers hardness testing system has been developed that emulates visual Vickers hardness testing in terms of accuracy and that automatically sets the threshold level of the image processor to suit indentation image data. It can be applied not only to the testing of rough-polished specimens while meeting the measurement accuracy specified in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) B 7725, but can also process one indentation within 20 s, including the indenting, focusing and image processing time.