2.45 GHz Gilbert mixer using 45 nm CMOS technology

This paper present the Gilbert mixer which is a transistorized circuit used as an analog multiplier and frequency mixer. The advantage of this circuit is the output current is an accurate multiplication of the (differential) base currents of both inputs As a mixer, its balanced operation, cancels out many unwanted mixing products, resulting in a "cleaner" output. Effort has been taken to design Gilbert cell, using VLSI technology. VLSI Technology includes process design, trends, chip fabrication, real circuit parameters, circuit design, electrical characteristics, configuration building blocks, switching circuitry, translation onto silicon, CAD and practical experience in layout design. The proposed mixer is designed using 45 nm CMOS/VLSI technology with microwind 3.1. This software allows designing and simulating an integrated circuit at physical description level. The main novelties related to the 45 nm technology are the high-k gate oxide, metal gate and very low-k interconnect dielectric. The effective gate length required for 45 nm technology is 25 nm. Efforts had been taken to design physical layout of Gilbert's mixer for output frequency of 2.45 GHz using 45 nm CMOS Technology.