Grain oriented technology of ferroelectric ceramics

Grain oriented technology of anisotropic grains of ferroelectric materials was originated from the two stages hot-pressing for strongest piezoelectric single crystal of SbSI in 1963. Anisotropic ferroelectrics are SbSI and SbSOI with needle shape grain, Bi/sub 2/TiO/sub 3/ like compounds with plate like grains and tungsten bronze like compounds with bar type grains. Doctor blade technology is also important for the developments of this technology.