Double cluster-heads clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks using PSO

One of the most important design criteria for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is energy efficiency. Clustering provides an effective way for extending the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we propose a double cluster-heads clustering algorithm using particle swarm optimization (PSO-DH). The algorithm generates two cluster heads. The election of the master cluster-head and the vice cluster-head needs consider the state information, including location and energy reserved about nodes and their neighbors. The Master Cluster Head (MCH) receives and aggregates the data from its member nodes. The aggregation data are sent to the vice one. The Vice Cluster Head (VCH) transmits aggregation data to the sink directly. This algorithm can balance the energy consumption, so it can extend the network lifetime effectively. Simulation results show the lifetime of the algorithm is extended for 50% contrast with LEACH.