Contacts to silicon using a silver paste containing a phosphorus source

Performance enhancing phosphorus additives were found to be beneficial in front side conductive silver pastes. The phosphorus source at low levels increased the cell efficiencies from 0.1% to 0.3% on poly-crystalline and mono-crystalline Si cells. Better particle dispersion is seen when the phosphorus source is present. Additionally, specific contact resistivity measurements were made to quantify the contact resistivity.