Energy-Balanced Scheme Based Unequal Density of Backbone for Wireless Sensor Networks Under Coal Mine

In order to solve uneven data throughput phenomenon for wireless sensor networks under coal mine, which cause “hot spots” problem, energy-efficient uneven clustering scheme based on the energy and distribution density of cluster heads ( UCS-ED ) is proposed, which formed by many existing routing protocols used in wireless sensor networks. In the cluster heads election phase it put the energy and distribution density as two elements to join the election, form an uneven density of backbone around the Sink. Simulation results show that UCS-ED outperform LEACH and HEED in balancing energy consumption and prolonging the network lifetime.