Building biologically active molecules/neuronal cells architectures using microlithographic/semiconductor technologies

This paper presents an account on the usage of concepts, techniques and whole semiconductor manufacturing technologies (microlithography in particular) for complex biological architecture design and fabrication. The first level of application is based on surface property manipulation through classical (polymeric films), or advanced (Self-Assembled Monolayers, SAMs) microlithography for patterning biologically active molecules and/or cells, whereas the advanced application is based on integration of biological components (molecules or neuronal cells) as active parts of semiconductor devices.